![]() ![]() Spike Lee wore a suit in Kobe’s honor in his team colors to that year’s Oscars ceremony. He also received a very emotional one at the Staples Center in front of more than 20,000 spectators. Kobe received some posthumous tributes at the Super Bowl and at the Oscars. She has one of those bodies that make you go guddam. According to CNN, five other people also died in that fatal accident. Sort: Relevant Newest soft kobe kobe bryant nba family gigi kobe bryant gianna. Kobe Bryant died in a horrific helicopter crash while he was spending time with his 11-year-old daughter Gianna Maria, who was also killed. How the terrible accident happened PHOTO: Getty Images Now, images of Bryant’s autopsy report have leaked. A top Los Angeles County coroner on Thursday testified in graphic detail about the state of Kobe Bryant's body following the 2020 helicopter crash that killed all nine passengers, including the basketball legend and his 13-year-old daughter, Gianna Bryant. The accident was especially tragic because, not only was he killed, his 11-year-old daughter Gianna Maria also died along with other passengers and the pilot. Kobe Bryant autopsy images: One of the saddest, most unexpected and heartbreaking events of all time, occurred on January 26, 2020, when retired basketball star Kobe Bryant was killed in a fatal crash. Kobe’s wife’s reaction to the leaked images.The tragic deaths of the basketball player and his 11-year-old daughter.Images of Kobe Bryant’s autopsy are leaked.“I came here to celebrate his life, not to mourn. ![]() Avila, who was decked out in his Lakers Bryant jersey with the number 24 on the back, placed a photo of the trio from that day on the makeshift memorial. County Sheriffs deputies who snapped pics of Kobe and Gigis bodies at the helicopter crash. ![]() “My son and I met Kobe, and I told my son it would be something he would remember for the rest of his life,” said Jesus Avila, 45, of North Hollywood. Vanessa sobbed in court Thursday during opening statements, with her lawyer telling the jury the 8 L.A. His role as a father came up time and time again as small groups of fans made their way to the turn in the trail where it all came to an end. The widely reported final resting place of Lakers icon Kobe Bryant and his daughter Gianna has been calm in the days after the news this week that the two had been quietly buried in a Corona del. ![]() He won an Oscar, was a business leader and above all else an example to fathers everywhere,” Zamora said. Zobayan’s “likely” self-induced pressure to get Bryant to his destination and inadequate review of safety management procedures by the helicopter operator were found to have contributed to the crash.īrandon Zamora, 23, standing before the statue, said the 20-minute climb up the trail on the second anniversary was the least he could do for Bryant, who did so much for L.A. Lakers legend Kobe Bryant will be inducted posthumously into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame on Saturday.Ī National Transportation Safety Board investigation determined that Zobayan’s decision to fly under visual flight rules in cloudy conditions resulted in his spatial disorientation and loss of control of the aircraft. Sports Complete coverage: Kobe Bryant’s Hall of Fame induction Kobe and Gigi Bryant s remains have been given to their family, The Blast reports. ![]()
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![]() ![]() In Super Bomberman R Online’s Battle 64 mode, 64 players start out across 16 play areas with a timer counting down from 60 seconds. Each area is filled with destructible blocks that can contain power-ups to increase your bomb’s blast radius, the number of bombs you can place at a time, and your movement speed. I’m happy to report that Bomberman makes the jump to online survival winner-take-all quite well, but progression can be slow for those who don’t purchase the optional battle pass.įor the uninitiated, Bomberman involves moving your choice of character around a top-down, 13x11 grid (at least that’s the size in this game) as you attempt to blow up the competition. Fast forward more than four years later, and Konami is bringing a free-to-play battle royale style version of Super Bomberman R to Switch, less than a year after it came exclusively to Google’s Stadia platform. One of the sore spots, at least for me, was a lag-filled online experience, a fatal flaw given the precision and timing involved in a Bomberman game. *PC version (Steam) played for this review.A launch title for Nintendo Switch, Super Bomberman R stuck close to the tried-and-true explosive formula but didn’t manage to set the world on fire. Even if you are unfamiliar with the Bomberman series the simple controls allows anyone to jump into the game and start wreaking havoc. For me it is nostalgic and takes me back to the days of the Playstation 1 riding about on a Louie. In a nutshell, despite the mixed reviews on steam, my opinion on the game is very positive. Whilst this still makes the ranking system competitive, it is hard not to feel cheated when surviving to the final round only to come face to face with a veteran who is able to make quick work of a relative noob like myself. The way the rank progressions seem to work is as you progress it becomes more and more important to survive into the later rounds or you are docked points. So, when I started as a bronze player I was coming up against far superior Grandmasters. My main criticisms so far have been that the matchmaking can be slow, depending on the time of day, and the competitive ranking system they use does not seem to filter players by their rank. Your own bombs! Which I can tell you from personal experiences is far more frustrating!Ĭharacter Select Screen – Super Bomberman R Online Keeping your cool is essential as panicked miss clicks, and lapses in judgment, can easily have you walking into the blasts of your enemies – or worse yet…. By destroying your enemies you have the opportunity to steal their power ups and those who are able to eliminate all the opponents within their mini map during a round, will be rewarded with a wealth of power ups with no one to contest them. Players, who have not been eliminated, are forced closer and closer together as the rounds progress. That will not only make you feel like an absolute boss, but will also protect you from a blast effectively acting like an extra life when you ordinarily only have two.įrom the word go the game is action packed and as the game progresses the mayhem only continues. Finding an egg on the map is a rare occasion but will give you the ability to roam the map on the back of a Louie – a kangaroo-esque creature. There is nothing more satisfying than trapping an opponent who thought they were safe by lobbing a bomb over a block. ![]() Pierce bombs will blast through blocks knocking out unsuspecting opponents while the bomber-kick and bomber-punch allow you to move bombs after they have been placed. ![]() The basic power ups will increase the amount of bombs you can drop at once, the bomb blast range and how fast your bomberman can traverse the map. ![]() A game in action – Super Bomberman R Onlineīy collecting power ups along the way you can gain a tactical advantage over your opponents. ![]() ![]() ![]() Perfect Your Speed Talking at This Auction School - a YouTube video showing how The Missouri Auction School teaches speed speech. a YouTube video by speech teacher Laura Bergells. Speech Pace: do you talk too fast or too slow? Take this test. She's made 7 variations of The Rainbow Passage so that you can hear the difference speed makes. What is the ideal rate of speech? Public speaking coach Lynda Stucky 'shows and tells' about speech rate. Optimal Podcast Words per Minute Rate for Biggest Impact - an extremely thorough article by Chris Land of Effects of Pitch and Speech Rate on Personal Attributions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37( 5), 715-727 A comparative analysis of speech rate and perception in radio bulletins. Text & Talk, 32 (3), pp. Celerity and cajolery: Rapid speech may promote or inhibit persuasion through its impact on message elaboration. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17(6), 663–669. Speed of speech and persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34(4), 615–624. Slowing down your rate of speech will help. If the language you're using is not your first one there may be pronunciation issues which make it harder for your audience to understand you. Similarly someone with naturally fast speech who takes a job requiring presentations to colleagues or customers, will find themselves having to slow down in order to communicate effectively. However changes of audience and speech purpose can force a need to become more aware of speaking speed.įor example - a shift from one part of a country to another, from a slower speaking area to a faster speaking one, will, through audience response, make a habitually slower speaker aware of their speech rate. Their speech could be considered too slow or too fast by people outside of their normal environment but if they are not routinely communicating with them it doesn't really matter. Generally people are not conscious of their habitual speaking speed and if they are easily understood by those listening to them there is little reason to change. A 'cold' reading, that is reading the passage without seeing it before hand will probably influence how much of it you get through in a minute. You'll also need to take into account your familiarity with the text. * I've used the word 'indication' because you are reading aloud rather than giving a speech or talking to a friend. The Norsemen considered the rainbow as a bridge over which the gods passed from earth to their home in the sky. The Greeks used to imagine that it was a sign from the gods to foretell war or heavy rain. ![]() To the Hebrews it was a token that there would be no more universal floods. Some have accepted it as a miracle without physical explanation. Throughout the centuries people have explained the rainbow in various ways. When a man looks for something beyond his reach, his friends say he is looking for the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. There is, according to legend, a boiling pot of gold at one end. These take the shape of a long round arch, with its path high above, and its two ends apparently beyond the horizon. The rainbow is a division of white light into many beautiful colors. When the sunlight strikes raindrops in the air, they act as a prism and form a rainbow. ![]() ![]() ![]() It can even remind you of daylight saving changes. This lets you be notified when your public IP has changed, if your internet connection is down, if CPU usage is above 60% for more than 10 seconds, or a near-infinite range of other options. IStat Menus can notify you of an incredibly wide range of events, based on CPU, GPU, memory, disks, network, sensors, battery, power and more. Magic Mouse, Magic Trackpad and Apple wireless keyboard battery levels. Plus, a world clock with sunrise, sunset, moonrise and moonset times.ĭetailed info on your battery’s current state, and a highly configurable menu item that can change if you’re draining, charging, or completely charged. Please note that sensor monitoring requires installing a free add-on from our website.Ī highly configurable date, time and calendar for your menubar, including fuzzy clock, moon phase, and upcoming calendar events. status monitoring, detailed disk I/O, and a variety of different read and write indicators.Ī realtime view of temperatures, hard drive temperatures (where supported), fans, voltages, current and power. See used and free space for multiple disks in your menubar. Advanced bandwidth and interface information is available in the dropdown menu. Monitor bandwidth usage in the menubar as text or graphs. It is also an advanced Mac system monitor for your menubar, with CPU, GPU, memory, network, disk usage, disk. Also, monitor the system activity and usage of resources. IStat Menus Crack macOS unobtrusive status bar software it’s built on a platform that enables a user to effortlessly. Opening the menu shows a list of the apps using the most memory. IStat Menus 6.40 Crack Mac Keygen + Torrent Free Download. Memory stats for your menubar as a pie chart, graph, percentage, bar or any combination of those things. ![]() Plus, GPU memory and processor usage on supported Macs, and the active GPU can be shown in the menubar. ![]() Tracked use by individual cores or with all cores combined, to save space. Realtime CPU graphs and a list of the top 5 CPU resource hogs. Each of the dropdown menus provides access to even greater detail including history graphs for access to up to 30 days of data. IStat Menus features a wide range of different menubar text and graph styles that are all completely customizable. iStat Menus is highly configurable, with full support for macOS’ light and dark menubar modes. All in a highly optimised, low resource package. IStat Menus covers a huge range of stats, including a CPU monitor, GPU, memory, network usage, disk usage, disk activity, date & time, battery and more. And hundreds of other improvements.The most powerful system monitoring app for macOS, right in your menubar.Improved and new localisations (36 languages in total) Reorderable dropdown menus, with the ability to hide sections.Additional options, like dual line menu bar clocks, & condensed text for showing more in less space.Hotkeys to open & close menu dropdowns, for quick keyboard access.More colors & theme options, including light and dark vibrant menu dropdown backgrounds.Notifications, based on CPU, network, disk, battery, weather, & other events.Refined menu bar items, dropdowns & other aspects match the new design of macOS 11 Big Sur.Weather with current temperature, hourly forecast, weekly overview & so much more. ![]() See used space, free space, and disk activity in your menu bar Detailed info on your battery’s current state & a highly configurable menu item that can change if you’re draining, charging, or completely charged Keep on top of what’s being sent & received for all network connections Highly customizable menu bar clocks, calendar with upcoming events, world clocks with detailed sun and moon info. Extensive memory stats covering usage, history, memory pressure, compressed memory, swap, & a list of the apps using the most memory A realtime listing of the sensors in your Mac, including temperatures, hard drive temperatures (where supported), fans, CPU frequency, GPU frequency (Intel GPUs only), voltages, current & power Highly detailed CPU info, with current usage for individual cores, history graphs, load averages, uptime, CPU frequency, & a list of the apps using the most CPU Weather based on your current location, or for almost any city in the world It features menu bar icon improvements, rounder corners, and a new look for the main app. iStat Menus 6.5 is a significant update with design refinements across the entire app, to ensure it feels at home in macOS Big Sur. All in a highly optimized, low-resource package! As well as being easier to theme, iStat Menus 6 introduces new ways to color and style the menu bar icons, menu dropdowns, and graphs. It covers a huge range of stats, including a CPU monitor, GPU, memory, network usage, disk usage, disk activity, date & time, battery, and more. IStat Menus 6 is an advanced Mac system monitor from your menubar. ![]() ![]() ![]() Instead, he’ll use our armed forces as a testing ground for his extreme agenda, and he’ll spend his time stoking culture wars instead of keeping our service members at the ready.īut he’s made a grave miscalculation. As President, he’s advocated tirelessly for military families, including by passing the PACT Act to strengthen health care and benefits for America’s veterans and their survivors.ĭeSantis, on the other hand, won’t be the Commander in Chief our country deserves. While MAGA Republicans play games, President Biden is focused on being the Commander in Chief our country needs. He’s shown us time and time again that he’ll do anything to score political currency, and now, he’s showed us that he’s willing to let Florida’s armed service members pay the price. And since kicking off his 2024 run, he’s made his extreme position on abortion and his love for cheap political stunts cornerstones of his campaign. Long before he launched his 2024 presidential campaign, DeSantis made it clear that he will always put his political career above the people of Florida. That’s why DeSantis’s support for Tuberville’s antics is all the more disappointing – though it’s hardly surprising. But as a veteran himself, I would expect DeSantis to know better. No matter what position I hold, I’ll always be honored to stand shoulder to shoulder with the countless other men and women who have answered the call to defend our great country, because I know what they’ve given up to serve.ĭespite his claims that “there’s no one more military” than him, Tuberville has never served in the armed forces. I represent our interests and work hard to make sure that military veterans are reflected in electoral politics in Florida and around the nation. I was proud to serve then, and I’m still proud to serve now - in a different capacity.Īs the President of the Democratic Veterans Caucus of Florida and former Volusia County Councilman, I work to advocate for my fellow veterans every day. During the Vietnam War, I volunteered to serve in the United States Navy and was enlisted from 1967 to 1972 where I served at sea and had top secret clearance. But military service doesn’t just run deep in my family’s heritage - I know firsthand the sacrifice it requires. I was born into a military family at Fort Bragg in North Carolina, and I spent my childhood growing up on military bases in Okinawa, Germany and England. My family and I have a long history of service to this country. ![]() ![]() ![]() Since then, Bud Light sales have plummeted. Right-wing commentators and celebrities soon began to protest the beer. That controversy was sparked after Anheuser-Busch, the beer’s maker, sponsored two Instagram posts by Dylan Mulvaney, a transgender influencer. It appears these people have an inflated sense of their importance following their apparent success in targeting Bud Light a few months ago. The right’s call for a boycott and its onslaught of criticism obviously have failed to deter moviegoers, given the “Barbie” box-office bonanza. ![]() Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York believes so, explaining in a Friday post on Meta’s Threads: “Love how Republican Congressmen are just now hating on Barbie because she’s ‘too woke’ …like hello this was a doll made for little girls who was a DOCTOR and an ASTRONAUT before women in the US were even allowed to have credit cards without their husband’s permission.” She added, “Of course they’re mad! They want the old days back.” I’m not kidding - he literally lit a doll on fire.Ĭould there be something else angering these voices on the right beyond what they are telling us? Not to be outdone, conservative pundit Ben Shapiro not only repeatedly slammed the film as “woke” - along with many expletives - but he also burned a Barbie doll in effigy. Opinion: The absolute best thing about ‘Barbie’ may surprise you One such segment amplified the call against “Barbie” coming from Movieguide, a Christian movie review site, that read, “Warning: Don’t take your daughter to Barbie.” The segment criticized the film for the inclusion of a transgender performer (actor Hari Nef) and for presenting “LGBTQ stories.”įox News host Rachel Campos-Duffy - with a chyron that read “Barbie gets woke makeover” - complained that “ the left has given Barbie a complete feminist makeover,” dubbing the film as “just another indoctrination vehicle.” In another attack on the film, guests claimed the depiction of Ken somehow emasculated men. Discovery, explained, “The doodles depict Barbie’s make-believe journey from Barbie Land to the ‘real world.’ It was not intended to make any type of statement.”įox News has repeated attacks on the film over everything from “wokeness” to inclusivity. In response, Warner Bros., the studio behind the film, denied any political message. Warner Bros., which like CNN, is owned by Warner Bros. (Photo by Chris Jackson/Getty Images) Chris Jackson/Getty Images The collection is the biggest in private hands to be auctioned. LONDON - SEPTEMBER 26: Pink boxes of barbie dolls lie at Christies South Kensington as part of a collection of 4,000 barbie dolls that will be auctioned today on Septemin London, England. Cruz also weighed in with the comments about Chinese propaganda. Mike Gallagher of Wisconsin, who leads a select House panel focused on countering China’s influence, asserted the map - which he described as “cartoonish, crayon-scribbled” - appeared to support Beijing’s territorial claims to a contested portion of the South China Sea. ![]() In early July, some Republican lawmakers declared a “war on … Barbie” - as Politico put it - over a childlike drawing of a world map they claimed was designed to appease China. So, what triggered the right about “Barbie”? We saw a multipronged attack weeks before the film’s opening. Given these results, movie studios might want to beg GOP members of Congress, Fox News and others on the right to call for a boycott of their new films. “Barbie” also marked the biggest opening for a movie based on a toy, eclipsing “Transformers: Dark of the Moon” ($115.9 million), the publication noted. 3” and “Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse,” according to The Hollywood Reporter. “Barbie” raked in the biggest opening weekend for 2023 so far, beating out the likes of “Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. Director Greta Gerwig’s movie - starring Margot Robbie and Ryan Gosling - saw a stunning $155 million opening weekend. ![]() ![]() On the Campaigns tab, you can edit individual campaigns or change the settings for multiple campaigns at once. Change settings for multiple campaigns at once If you want to keep both campaigns active, keep your original campaign running (so that it continues with the history it’s already generated), and edit the new campaign. However, it won't have any campaign, keyword, or ad history. You’ll now have a new campaign that will have the same structure and settings as your original campaign. Otherwise, any copies of campaigns that were active when copied will be active when pasted. Optional: Check the box next to “Pause new campaign after pasting” to create new campaigns that are paused.Click the Edit menu again, and then click Paste (or Control+V for PCs, Command+V for Macs).Click the Edit drop-down menu, and then click Copy (or Control+C for PCs, Command+C for Macs).Check the box next to the campaign you want to duplicate.Click the Campaigns drop down in the section menu.In your Google Ads account, click the Campaigns icon.That way, you start with the same structure and settings for your ad groups, ads, and keywords. To do this, copy the campaign, and then edit one of the copies. If you’ve already set up a successful campaign, you can use it as a template when setting up your next campaign. If you’re still using the previous version of Google Ads, review the Quick reference map or use the Search bar in the top navigation panel of Google Ads to find the page you’re searching for. Note: The instructions below are part of a new Google Ads user experience that will launch for all advertisers in 2024. ![]() ![]() The historicity of the accounts by Plutarch and others has been questioned, not least by G. 4 Plutarch Alexander 14 and Diogenes Laërtius 6.32, 38, 60, and 68. The other major accounts of the tale are Cicero Tusculanae Disputationes 5.32.92 Valerius Maximus Dictorum factorumque memorabilium 4.3. One of Diogenes' pupils, Onesicritus, later joined Alexander and will have been the original source of this story, embellished in the retelling, which appears in Ptolemy (14.2), Arrian, ( Anabasis Alexandri, 7.2.1) and "Plutarch" Moralia, 331. ![]() The Alexander of the story is not this great king, ruler of Greece and Asia, but the promising but brash 20-year-old son of Philip of Macedon, first proving his mettle in Greece. In his biography of Alexander, Robin Lane Fox sets the encounter in 336, the only time Alexander was in Corinth. Thus it is evident that Alexander was not entirely destitute of better feelings but he was the slave of his insatiable ambition. Alexander is said to have expressed his admiration of Diogenes's conduct. But Diogenes said that he wanted nothing else, except that he and his attendants would stand out of the sun. When also in the Isthmus he met Diogenes of Sinope, lying in the sun, standing near him with his shield-bearing guards and foot Companions, he asked if he wanted anything. Īrrian referred to the episode when recording the similar encounters of Indian philosophers with Alexander occurred during Alexander's campaigns in his book The Campaigns of Alexander. According to Valerius Maximus, Diogenes answered: "To this later, for now I just want you not to stand in the sun." The statement by Alexander, "if I were not Alexander the Great, I would like to be Diogenes," also crops up in some other versions of the anecdote. ![]() ![]() According to Cicero, Diogenes answered Alexander with the words, "Now move at least a little out of the sun". There are many minor variants of what Diogenes is supposed to have replied to Alexander. And when that monarch addressed him with greetings, and asked if he wanted anything, "Yes," said Diogenes, "stand a little out of my sun." It is said that Alexander was so struck by this, and admired so much the haughtiness and grandeur of the man who had nothing but scorn for him, that he said to his followers, who were laughing and jesting about the philosopher as they went away, "But truly, if I were not Alexander, I wish I were Diogenes." Diogenes raised himself up a little when he saw so many people coming towards him, and fixed his eyes upon Alexander. But since that philosopher took not the slightest notice of Alexander, and continued to enjoy his leisure in the suburb Craneion, Alexander went in person to see him, and he found him lying in the sun. Thereupon many statesmen and philosophers came to Alexander with their congratulations, and he expected that Diogenes of Sinope also, who was tarrying in Corinth, would do likewise. As told by Diogenes Laërtius, Diogenes replied, "Stand out of my light." Plutarch provides a longer version of the story, which begins after Alexander arrives in Corinth: Alexander wanted to fulfill a wish for Diogenes and asked him what he desired. The original anecdote Alexander und Diogenes by Lovis Corinth, 1894, at the Graphische Sammlung Albertina Alexander and Diogenes, lithograph illustration by Louis Loeb in Century Magazine, 1898Īccording to legend, Alexander the Great came to visit the philosopher Diogenes of Sinope. Several of the embellished versions of the anecdote do not name either one or both of the protagonists, and some indeed substitute Socrates for Diogenes. Versions upon versions of the anecdote exist, with the origins of most appearing to be, either directly or indirectly, in the account of the meeting given by Plutarch, whose actual historicity has also been questioned. The literature and artwork influenced by this story are extensive. Although this account is dubious (since neither man's date of death can be conclusively verified), the anecdote, and the relationship between the two people, has been the subject of many literary and artistic works over the centuries, from the writings of Diogenes Laërtius to David Pinski's 1930 dramatic reconstruction of the encounter, Aleḳsander un Dyogenes including writings from the Middle Ages, several works of Henry Fielding, and possibly even Shakespeare's King Lear along the way. Plutarch and Diogenes Laërtius report that Alexander and Diogenes died on the same day, in 323 BC. The most popular relate it as evidence of Diogenes' disregard for authority, wealth, and decorum. The meeting of Diogenes of Sinope and Alexander the Great is one of the most discussed anecdotes from philosophical history. Anecdote in Greek philosophical history Alexander visits Diogenes in Corinth - Diogenes asks him to stand out of his sun (engraving) ![]() ![]() ![]() Persona 3 combines elements of traditional role-playing games and simulation games. The upper-right area of the screen indicates the current date, time period, and phase of the moon. Gameplay The protagonist gains academic skills by studying in the school library. Persona 3 has also seen other related media released, including a rhythm game, multiple soundtrack albums, musical concerts, radio dramas, a manga, an anime series, and an episodic animated film series. Two fighting games that continue the story of SEES, Persona 4 Arena and Persona 4 Arena Ultimax, were released in the early 2010s. Persona 3 FES 's epilogue was said to give narrative closure to the original game, although it was criticized for not featuring the simulation aspect of Persona 3. The reception of Persona 3 was mainly positive critics enjoyed its social elements, while some found its combat and environments repetitive. In addition to these role-playing game elements, Persona 3 includes elements of simulation games, as the game's protagonist progresses day by day through a school year and forms relationships that improve the strength of their Personas in battle. Members of SEES battle the Shadows with a physical manifestation of their psyche known as a Persona, which they summon by firing a gun-like object called an "Evoker" at their head. During the Dark Hour, members of SEES are able to enter Tartarus, a vast tower containing monstrous creatures known as Shadows. In Persona 3, the player takes the role of a high-school student who joins the "Specialized Extracurricular Execution Squad" (SEES), a group of students investigating a temporal anomaly known as the "Dark Hour". Persona 3 Reload, a remake of the core game for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S is scheduled for release in 2024. Portable was ported to the Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Windows, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S in 2023. An abridged PlayStation Portable version of the game, Persona 3 Portable, was released in Japan in 2009, North America in 2010, and Europe in 2011. The game has received multiple iterations of enhanced re-releases and ports: Persona 3 FES, an extended version containing a new playable epilogue among other changes, was released for the PlayStation 2 in Japan in 2007 and worldwide the following year. It was originally released for the PlayStation 2 in Japan in 2006, and in North America in 2007. It is the fourth main installment in the Persona series, which is part of the larger Megami Tensei franchise. ![]() Persona 3, released outside Japan as Shin Megami Tensei: Persona 3, is a 2006 role-playing video game developed by Atlus. ![]() ![]() For instance, twin studies found higher correlation of diurnal preference in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins, with the estimated heritability being as high as 40%. ![]() While plasticity plays an important role in diurnal preference, there is evidence for a strong genetic component underlying the variability seen among individuals. However, in experiments where the golden spiny mouse was the only species present, the mice immediately reverted to nocturnal behaviour. russatus) are two sympatric desert species that split their habitat, with the common spiny mouse being nocturnal and the golden spiny mouse being diurnal. For example, the spiny mouse ( Acomys cahirinus) and the golden spiny mouse ( A. Such “temporal niche switching” is undoubtedly associated with considerable plasticity that can lead to rapid changes in behaviour. Furthermore, many species shift their phase preference upon changes in environmental conditions. In addition, experimental conditions in the laboratory setting (particularly light and temperature) often fail to simulate the high complexity that exists in natural conditions. Laboratory studies have often focused on a single representative wild-type strain and ignored the population and individual diversity within a species. Īccumulating evidence suggests that diurnal preference within a species is far more diverse than previously thought. The visual system of most mammals is dominated by rods, yet lacks several cone photoreceptors that are present in other taxa where a nocturnal lifestyle is maintained. Two plausible systems that have been targeted for genetic adaptations driven by diurnal preference are the visual system and the circadian clock, the endogenous pacemaker that drives daily rhythms. Nocturnality and diurnality most likely evolved through different physiological and molecular adaptations. The nocturnality of mammals, for example, was explained by the nocturnal bottleneck hypothesis, which suggests that all mammals descended from a nocturnal ancestor. The fact that diurnality preference is usually similar within phylogenetic groups alludes to an underlying genetic mechanism. The genetic basis for such phase preference is largely unknown and is the focus of this study. Selection for activity during a specific time of the day is driven by various factors, including preferred temperature or light intensity, food availability and predation. Most animal species exhibit locomotor activity that is restricted to a defined part of the day, and this preference constitutes the species-specific temporal niche. The diurnal and nocturnal selection strains provide us with a unique opportunity to understand the genetic architecture of diurnal preference.Īlthough time is one of the most important dimensions that define the species ecological niche, it is often a neglected research area. We identified candidate genes associated with diurnality/nocturnality, while data emerging from our expression analysis and behavioural experiments suggest that both clock and clock-independent pathways are involved in shaping diurnal preference. Our study demonstrates that genetic variation segregating in wild populations contributes to substantial variation in diurnal preference. This finding was congruent with behavioural experiments indicating that both light masking and the circadian pacemaker are involved in driving nocturnality. ![]() Other than one circadian clock gene ( pdp1), most differentially expressed genes were associated with either clock output ( pdf, to) or input ( Rh3, Rh2, msn). We used whole-genome expression analysis to identify differentially expressed genes in diurnal, nocturnal and crepuscular (control) flies. ![]() After 10 generations, we obtained highly diurnal and nocturnal strains. Using a highly diverse population, we performed an artificial selection experiment, selecting flies with extreme diurnal or nocturnal preference. However, a survey of strains derived from wild populations indicated that high variability among individuals exists, including flies that are nocturnal. Under laboratory conditions, Drosophila melanogaster is crepuscular, showing a bi-modal activity profile. The genetic basis underlying diurnal preference is largely unknown. Most animals restrict their activity to a specific part of the day, being diurnal, nocturnal or crepuscular. ![]() |
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